Tìm hiểu về nhiệm vụ của cấm quân là gì trong lịch sử?

Forbidden army must be a word that is very familiar to you through Chinese historical series or movies, right? So do you really understand what a ban is and What is the mission of the Forbidden Army? in ancient dynasties? Join us to learn about the ban in the article below.

What is Ban?

What is Ban?

Forbidden army to be one of the contingents of the imperial armyh and is the army under the power of the emperor in the feudal era. The ban force was tasked with guarding the emperor or the palace and the capital. Due to different times, cultures and regions, there are other names that are synonymous with each other, such as Emperor, Guard, Guard, Imperial Guard, etc. After the fall of feudalism , these names often become military titles, given to units that have achieved exceptional merit. In modern times, except for some constitutional monarchies that still maintain an orthodox banal army, other countries are not nominally ruled by monarchs, such as democracies, socialist countries, etc. ideologues, etc., all have military forces similar to “gendarmerie” or security forces.

According to Vietnamese history, the first army of our country was established in 1009 under the Ly Dynasty. When the last king of the Former Le Dynasty, Le Long Dinh, died and his young son Ly Cong Uan became emperor, the Ly Dynasty was officially established. He built the nation with the motto of comprehensive development in all aspects from culture and society to education and the military. The army of the Ly dynasty was divided into two main parts: the forbidden army and the local army.

The ban army during the Ly Dynasty were healthy young men who were carefully selected throughout the country. This army was specially trained to protect the king and his court and imperial palace. You can also understand simply that the forbidden army is an elite force that is carefully selected and trained from the people to protect the safety of the king and the court.

What is the mission of the Forbidden Army?

What is the mission of the Forbidden Army?

In each period in our country’s history, the ban force was used differently. According to Dai Viet historical records, at the beginning of the second Thuan Thien year of the Ly Thai To dynasty (1011), the king ordered the left and right troops to be far away, that is, the servants on both sides of the king’s chariot, consisting of two teams on the left and the right, each team was 500 people. In the reign of Ly Thai Tong, in 1051, he ordered more troops to depend on chariots, including internal and external, and sent the Ta Kieu guard, General Tran Nam, to look after him.

Ly Thai To died in March 1028, when the event “rebellion of the three kings”, the three king’s sons, the kings Dong Chinh, Duc Thanh and Vu Duc, raised an army to usurp the throne of Prince Ly Phat Ma. Fortunately, General Le Phung Hieu commanded the guards in the palace to open the door to fight, cut down Vu Duc Vuong, chased and beat the two kings Dong Chinh and Duc Thanh. However, the history books do not specify which bodyguards who were instrumental in quelling the rebellion belonged to the military guards.

After ascending to the throne, King Ly Thai Tong ordered 10 palace guards to be placed in front of the forbidden army, including guards Quang Thanh, Quang Vu, Ngu Long, Bong Nhat, and Trung Hai, each guard was divided into left and right, going around to protect them. guard inside the forbidden city.

“Dai Viet historical record toan thu” said that, in 1104, during the reign of Ly Nhan Tong, the king ordered the military to be redefined, but did not specify what the titles were. In March 1118, the court records that the imperial court took strong male emperors (males over 20 years old) to serve as soldiers in the Ngoc Giai, Hung Thanh, Vu Do and Ngu Long teams, all 350 men. In 1119, the “Toan Thu” said that in October, the king reviewed six soldiers of Vu Tiep, Vu Lam…, whoever was strong enough to make fire heads in the armies of Ngoc Giai, Hung Thanh, Bong Nhat, Quang Thanh, Vu Do, and the lower ranks only serve as soldiers in these 4 pieces.

When King Ly Nhan Tong died in 1128, Crown Prince Duong Hoan ascended the throne in front of the coffin. In order to ensure the safety of the coronation ceremony, the new king ordered the guard Le Ba Ngoc to order his military servants and martial arts officials to retreat outside the gate of Dai Hung, and ordered the city keepers to close the door and guard carefully, not allowing Whoever went in and out, ordered the forbidden army to stand under the Thien An palace, then ordered to open the door under the right armpit, called the mandarins to Long Tri, and sent Ba Ngoc to tell the princes and the mandarins to enter to declare. Crown Prince succeeds. Thanks to the support of the king to the throne, Le Ba Ngoc resigned from the position of Vu Ve, was promoted to Thai lieutenant, promoted to marquis; The post-administrative cabinet adjoins Ly Son to serve as the Palace of the Commander-in-Chief, and is stripped of the Dai Lieu ban.

When Ly Cao Tong ascended the throne, Empress Dowager Chieu Linh plotted to overthrow the king to bring her son, Prince Long Xuong to power, but thanks to To Hien Thanh, who directly took charge of the forbidden army, “seriously ordered, fair reward and punishment, all people in the country submit”, so the throne was maintained.

During the reign of the last king of the Ly dynasty, Ly Chieu Hoang, was Tran Thu Do, who held the post of Emperor, having the right to oversee all military affairs in and out of the city, so he was able to force the queen to yield. the throne for his nephew, Tran Canh, began the Tran dynasty.

In the reign of Tran Thai Tong, the 10th year of Thien Ung Chinh Binh (1241), history records that the Tran court “selected people with good health, knowledgeable in martial arts to be the Tuc guard of the upper capital”. In 1239, King Tran Thai Tong ordered the army to be reformed and divided into 3 ranks: Upper, Middle and Lower. In which, the forbidden army belonged to the upper class, stationed around the area of ​​Thang Long capital and the Thien Truong palace.

According to the “Toan Thu”, in 1245, the Tran dynasty again appointed healthy people to serve as soldiers with the titles of Tu Thien, Tu Thanh, and Four Gods; nailed the Thien Truong and Long Hung roads (both of which were the basic land of the Tran dynasty) and added the troops of Thien Thuoc, Thien Cuong, Chuong Thanh and Cung Than; Dinh Gia Lai Hong and Khoai Sung troops left and right Thanh Duc; Truong Yen road and Kien Xuong road lead to Thanh Duc, Than Sach. The other routes are added to the forbidden army in the Guard. The third place is added to the children’s team (or called the team).

During the Le Dynasty, when Le Nhan Tong was new to the throne, due to drought and rice worms leading to crop failure, the people were poor, but the number of bodyguards increased greatly, the salary was not enough, so the king ordered only the rulers to keep the money. The army divided the army into three sessions to take turns to be on duty to go home to visit their parents. At the same time, the king also reduced the number of generals (commanders) in the guards. Like the front kings, each had 8 pieces, now only 2 pieces are kept. Five pieces of Tiet Tu, each of which has 4 pieces in front.

In the change of Dien Ninh in 1459, Lang Son king Le Nghi Dan sent his army north of the ladder to climb the citadel into the forbidden palace to kill King Le Nhan Tong and Queen Mother Tuyen Tu, with the help of Le Dac Ninh as the commander. kept the garrison on duty, because Dac Ninh had brought troops to help the rebels. When the mandarins overthrew Le Nghi Dan and put Le Thanh Tong on the throne, Le Dac Ninh was executed. During Le Thanh Tong’s reign, the Imperial Guards in the imperial capital consisted of 2 guards Kim Ngo and Cam Y, 4 guards of effect, 4 guards of Than Vu, 6 guards of Dien Tien, 4 guards of Thuan Tuong, 4 guards of Ma Be (elephant and horse teams). ).

During the Nguyen Dynasty, directly protecting the king and the forbidden citadel called Than Binh included guards Cam Y, Kim Ngo, Tuyen Phong and Vu Lam camp. The Nguyen Dynasty’s forbidden army consisted of many guards, but it was mainly of a ceremonial nature, serving or serving as servants.

According to what policy was the Tran army organized?

According to what policy was the Tran army organized? What is the mission of the local army?

The local army or the road army was a newly formed armed organization under the Tran dynasty, the main task was to protect the locality, the power tool of the state government apparatus in the highways. The national administrative organization under the Tran dynasty consisted of 12 roads with 1 army and 20 dongs to maintain security and order and safety for the locality.

In important positions, the court allowed the staffing of the local armed forces to be more than other places according to the general regulations (for example, the Son Nam route had 4 troops, the Hai Dong route had 2 troops). At the head of the military organization of each route was a general.

The royal court under the Tran dynasty flourished, the court allowed each prince to organize a separate army of up to 1000 people (according to the regulations issued by the court in 1254, twice the number of the Ly dynasty).

The semi-professional force called the Suong Quan (also known as the Four Mist Army) was organized in the capital and localities throughout the country, the payroll system organized in the Frost Army units consisted of capitals, each 10 staffs, each army has from 5-8 soldiers. The regular soldiers in this force after each term of duty to guard the perimeter of the city or serve are rotated to return to their families for self-sufficient farming, and call back to the army when needed, as the policy of “staying in residence” soldiers and peasants” under the Ly dynasty (combining military service with self-sufficient production of the army, when needed, the feudal state mobilized additional soldiers).

For the first time in history, the Tran Dynasty implemented a regime of registration for military service (as a type of registration for military service today) for all soldiers, so that when there is war, they are ready to mobilize the fastest force. additions to the army.

Register for three grades: upper, middle, and lower (equivalent to first, second, and third) and call additional depending on the nature of each unit and type of troops. For example, the upper class (first class) includes those who belong to the Tran family in their homeland, called additionally to the military units with the titles of Thien, Thanh, and Than; Dinh Trong registered in the middle class (second) to supplement the units of the army of the highways, and Dinh Trong registered in the lower class (third) to add to the army units that were on duty to secure or serve as rowers. boats, porters…

The principle (direction) of building the armed forces under the Tran dynasty was “the noble army, not the noble fox” (small number but must be elite). To implement this principle, the Tran Dynasty opened military training centers in many places to train generals, practice military tactics, practice martial arts, regularly review the team, typically the center. Lecture hall in Thang Long citadel (Hanoi).

Before sending the army into battle, the Tran Dynasty often summoned troops to one place for “general drills” to unify military orders, fighting methods, and synergies to fight.

The naked army rehearsed before the battle

The Tran army was the first army of the feudal state of Vietnam to have a unified military theory system in the whole army with valuable infantry books such as: The summary of the army, the secret book of the Van Kiep Tong, the secret book of the army. drafted by Tran Quoc Tuan, a national hero, a genius military man for the whole army to learn.

The Tran army has developed a fairly strong marine force, with a fleet of thousands of ships, each with a staff of 50-60 people, including rowers and soldiers directly fighting.

The scale of the Tran Army’s warships was quite large, classified into various types, such as the great battleships (boats, boats carrying amphibious troops…); Midships (boats against the sea, to fight enemy marines); and Airships (small boats on communication duty).

The equipment of the Tran army was still mainly “cold weapons” such as bows and crossbows, swords, spears, javes, and carpentry. At the same time, there had been a new development, the marine units were equipped with tubular firearms, similar similar to pyrotechnics, rockets of the later period.

Here is the basic information about What is the mission of the Forbidden Army? along with basic information about the ban army. Hopefully, through this article, you will have a better understanding of the ban army and the meaning of the ban army in the history of our country.

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